Reform and the Papacy in the Eleventh Century: Spirituality and Social Change - Paperbackby Kathleen G. Cushing (Author) This book explores the relationship between the papacy and reform against the backdrop of social and religious change in later tenth and eleventh century Europe. Placing this relationship in the context of the debate about 'transformation', it reverses the recent trend among historians to emphasise the reform developments in the localities at the expense of those being undertaken in Rome. It focuses on how the papacy